Vatican II at 60: Why the Council Still Guides the Church

Q: What was the Second Vatican Council?

A: The Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II, was the last ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, concluding on December 8, 1965.

Q: Who presided over the formal closing of Vatican II?

A: Pope St. Paul VI presided over the solemn ceremony that formally declared the Second Vatican Council concluded.

Q: What was the primary goal Pope John XXIII set for Vatican II?

A: Pope John XXIII entrusted the Council with defending and presenting Christian teaching more effectively, considering the contemporary world’s circumstances.

Q: What is “synodality” in relation to Vatican II?

A: Synodality is a mode of collegiality within the Catholic Church, officially described as “a further act of reception of the Council,” which emphasizes shared decision-making.

Q: How has Pope Leo XIV viewed Vatican II?

A: Pope Leo XIV has consistently shown a complete commitment to the path set by the Second Vatican Council and has grounded his teaching in its attitudes of dialogue and concern for the world.

Q: What is a “hermeneutic of discontinuity and rupture” regarding Vatican II?

A: This concept, cautioned against by Pope Benedict XVI, describes an interpretation of Vatican II that suggests a significant break between the pre-conciliar and post-conciliar Church.

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60 Years After Its Conclusion, Vatican II Still Speaks to Us

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